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Periodontal (gum) diseases, including gingivitis and periodontitis, are serious infections that can lead to tooth loss if left untreated. The word “periodontal” literally means “around the tooth.” Periodontal disease is a chronic bacterial infection that affects the gums and bone supporting the teeth.

Periodontal disease can affect one tooth or many teeth. It begins when the bacteria in plaque (the sticky, colorless film that constantly forms on your teeth) causes the gums to become inflamed.

In the mildest form of the disease, gingivitis, the gums redden, swell and bleed easily. There is usually little or no discomfort. Gingivitis is often caused by inadequate oral hygiene. Gingivitis is reversible with professional treatment and good oral home care.

Untreated gingivitis can advance to periodontitis. With time, plaque can spread and grow below the gum line. Toxins produced by the bacteria in plaque irritate the gums and stimulate a chronic inflammatory response in which the body in essence turns on itself and the tissues and bone that support the teeth are broken down and destroyed. Gums then separate from the teeth, forming pockets (spaces between the teeth and gums) that become infected. As the disease progresses, the pockets deepen and more gum tissue and bone are destroyed. Often, this destructive process has very mild symptoms. Eventually, teeth can become loose and may have to be removed.

Affecting only one tooth or several, these infections get their start from bacteria in plaque, which is the colorless film coating your teeth.

There are several reasons to visit a periodontist including:

• If you are thinking of becoming pregnant: Pregnant women with periodontal disease have a much higher chance of delivering a low birth weight or premature baby.
• If you notice any of the signs of periodontal disease including:
• Red, swollen gums
• Gums that bleed easily, especially after brushing or flossing
• Gums that have pulled away from the teeth
• Persistent bad breath
• Pus between teeth and gums
• Loose or separating teeth
• A change in the way your teeth fit together when you bite
• If you have a sore or irritation that doesn’t go away within two weeks.
• If you have a family member with periodontal disease, consider making an appointment. Research suggests that the bacteria that cause periodontal disease are carried in saliva, making transmission between family members very easy.
• If you have any condition of the heart, diabetes, respiratory illness or osteoporosis. Research shows that these illnesses are linked to periodontal disease. Bacteria in the mouth travel through the bloodstream, threatening your major organs. A healthy mouth means a healthy body!
• If you don’t like your smile! Periodontists perform cosmetic dental surgery, improving the overall look of your smile.
• If you are not happy with your current replacement teeth and are considering dental implants as an option.